Three-toed Sloths

Three-toed sloth
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Three-toed sloths[1]


Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus variegatus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Pilosa

Suborder: Folivora

Family: Bradypodidae

Genus: Bradypus
Linnaeus, 1758



Green: B. variegatus, Blue: B. tridactylus, Red: B. torquatus
Species
Bradypus pygmaeus
Bradypus torquatus
Bradypus tridactylus
Bradypus variegatus

The three-toed sloths are the only members of the Bradypus genus and the Bradypodidae family. Although similar to the somewhat larger and generally faster moving two-toed sloths, the two genera are not particularly closely related.[2] Both types of sloth tend to occupy the same forests: in most areas, a particular single species of three-toed sloth and a single species of the larger two-toed type will jointly predominate. Famously slow-moving, the sloth travels at a top speed of 0.15 mph.[3] Although they are quite slow in trees, three-toed sloths are agile swimmers. The offspring cling to their mother's bellies for around 9 months or so. They cannot walk on all four, therefore, they must use their front arms and claws to drag themselves across the tropical rain forest floor. Scientists do not know exactly when these mammals mate, but it is estimated to be somewhere around March or February. The three-toed sloth is almost totally arboreal ("tree-dwelling"), with a body "built to hang." It lives in the shrub or lower tree layer, but sometimes moves to the canopy. Its long, coarse, grayish-brown fur often appears greenish, not due to pigment but to algae growing on it. The sloth’s greenish color and its sluggish habits provide an effective camouflage: hanging quietly, the sloth resembles a bundle of leaves. Large curved claws help the sloth to keep a strong grip on tree branches. [4]

Contents [hide]
1 Characteristics
2 Habitat
3 Species
4 References



[edit] Characteristics
Three-toed sloths are about the size of a small dog, with the head and body having a combined length of around 60 centimeters, and the animal having a weight of 3.5-4.5 kg (or between 7 and 10 lbs). Unlike the two-toed sloths, they also have a short (6-7 cm) tail, and they have three clawed toes on all four of their limbs. Three-toed sloths are sporadically active both day and night, typically for about 10-11 hours out of every 24.[5]

They feed almost exclusively on leaves, and, like their two-toed cousins, have a complex, multi-chambered stomach to ferment tough vegetable matter. They move between different trees up to four times a day, although they prefer to keep to a particular type of tree, which varies between individuals, perhaps as a means of allowing multiple sloths to occupy overlapping home ranges without competing with each other.[5] Three-toed sloths have no incisor or canine teeth, just a set of peg-shaped cheek teeth that are not clearly divided into premolars and molars, giving them the unusually simple dental formula of:

Dentition
0.0.5
0.0.4-5

The three-toed sloth, unlike most other mammals, does not maintain a constant body temperature, being closer to a reptile in this respect. Because its body temperature goes down as the air temperature goes down, the three-toed sloth is only able to live in humid and warm environments.

Females give birth to a single young after a gestation period of around six months. They are weaned at about one month of age, but remain with the mother for several further months. Adults are solitary, and mark their territories using anal scent glands and dung middens.[5]


[edit] Habitat
Previously, three-toed sloths were believed to have lived only in Cecropia trees, locally known as Embauba trees. Recent studies indicate that they also reside in at least 96 other tree species. The original assumption was skewed because the Cecropia trees have a relatively open canopy, making it easier to observe a sloth in these trees.[citation needed]


[edit] Species
Family Bradypodidae
Genus Bradypus
Pygmy Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus pygmaeus)
Maned Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus torquatus)
Pale-throated Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus tridactylus)
Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus variegatus)

[edit] References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bradypus
Wikispecies has information related to: Bradypus
^ Gardner, Alfred (November 16, 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds). ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 100-101. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3.
^ "3-Toed Sloths". http://xenarthra.org/sloth/bradypus/. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
^ http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004737.html
^ http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004737.html
^ a b c Dickman, Christopher R. (1984). Macdonald, D.. ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 776–779. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
"Three-toed sloth." Passport to Knowledge. 21 Feb. 2009 .

[show]v • d • eExtant Pilosa species by suborder

Kingdom Animalia · Phylum Chordata · Class Mammalia · Infraclass Eutheria · Superorder Xenarthra

Folivora (Sloths)


Bradypodidae Bradypus
(Three-toed sloths) Pygmy Three-toed Sloth (B. pygmaeus) · Maned Sloth (B. torquatus) · Pale-throated Sloth (B. tridactylus) · Brown-throated Sloth (B. variegatus)


Megalonychidae Choloepus
(Two-toed sloths) Linnaeus's Two-toed Sloth (C. didactylus) · Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth (C. hoffmanni)


Vermilingua (Anteaters)


Cyclopedidae Cyclopes Silky Anteater (C. didactylus)


Myrmecophagidae Myrmecophaga Giant Anteater (M. tridactyla)

Tamandua
(Tamanduas) Northern Tamandua (T. mexicana) · Southern Tamandua (T. tetradactyla)


Category


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Categories: Mammal stubs | Pilosans
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